Molecules may attract or repel each other. This is called an interaction. In chemistry, an interaction is when molecules affect each other. In many cases, interaction is when molecules are attracted to each other. Interactions are different from molecules joining together to form covalent bonds. If a new bond is created by an organic chemical […]
Archive List for Physical Chemistry
What Difference LC/MS/MS and MS/MS? From Principles to Protein Identification
It is important to investigate what compounds are present in the solution by performing a structural analysis of chemicals. Structural analysis of these compounds allows us to investigate the molecules and proteins that are present. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and MS (mass spectrometry) are frequently used to determine what substances are present in these […]
HPLC: Methods and Principles of Reversed-Phase Chromatography
Chromatography is an experimental operation for the separation of substances. One of the most common experimental operations in chromatography is HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). High performance liquid chromatography is used in almost every laboratory, including physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. Although the experiments performed in different laboratories vary, HPLC is the analytical technique […]
Mass Spectrometry: Molecular Weight and Mass Spectra in MS
When determining the structure of a compound or detecting what compounds are present, one of the very best methods is mass spectrometry (MS). When measuring a known compound, mass spectrometry can be used to determine with a high degree of confidence whether or not it is a target compound. Even if it is an unknown […]
Fluorescence Spectra: Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Phosphorescence
A very popular method of analysis is the measurement of light. By exposing the compound to light, it is possible to see how much of the compound is present there. The UV-visible absorption spectrum is a well-known measurement technique that utilizes light and is used in many research institutions. Not only detecting ultraviolet and visible […]
Raman Spectra: Energy of Raman Spectroscopy, Difference from IR Spectra
When measuring the state of a substance, it must be analyzed. There are many different methods of analysis, one of which is Raman spectroscopy. Molecules vibrate with each other. By examining the degree of vibration between these molecules, we can check what happens to the compound. We shine light on them and check the appearance […]
IR Spectra (Infrared Absorption Spectra): Vibration and Fingerprint Area
There are various methods of analyzing compounds. One of these analysis methods is infrared spectroscopy. This analysis method is used to analyze organic compounds to determine what kind of functional groups (substituents) are included in the compounds. However, among analysis methods, IR spectra (infrared absorption spectra) have few advantages and many disadvantages in terms of […]
Absorbance of UV-Vis Absorption Spectrum: Measured by Lambert–Beer Law
A very large number of laboratories use absorbance when analyzing in experimental manipulations. By measuring how much light passes through, you can measure how much of a substance is present in the solution. Or, you can check how much of a reaction is going on. When experimenting with biological systems, we frequently use absorbance to […]
Column Chromatography: How to Determine the Principle of Material Separation and Developing Solvent
Chromatography is a method of separating substances completely. There are several types of chromatography, of which column chromatography is the most frequently used in laboratories that deal with organic compounds. A type of adsorption chromatography is column chromatography. It uses an adsorbent called silica gel to separate organic compounds that are mixed in with each […]
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Principles, Rf values and Developing Solvent
In a lab that is primarily concerned with the synthesis and separation of organic compounds, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is an analytical technique that is performed on a daily basis. Typically, chromatography is used to separate substances. Of course, thin-layer chromatography is no different in its ability to separate compounds. However, rather than separating a large […]