There are many types of compounds that have aromatic properties. When a molecule contains a benzene ring, all compounds exhibit aromatic characters. However, there are aromatic compounds that are different from benzene rings. These are heterocyclic compounds. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds are compounds that show aromaticity but have different properties than benzene rings. What should we […]
When synthesizing a compound with a six-membered ring, there is one synthetic reaction to consider first. That is the pericyclic reaction. The most famous of the pericyclic reactions is the Diels-Alder reaction. In organic chemical reactions, Lewis acids and Lewis bases are typically involved in the reaction. In the pericyclic reaction, however, acids and bases […]
In organic chemistry, we deal with a variety of molecules. One of the most important structures is conjugation. When double bonds (unsaturated bonds) and single bonds alternate, they are called conjugates. Double bonds are known to cause addition reactions. However, in conjugated dienes, two types of reactions occur when the addition reaction occurs. They are […]
Synthetic reactions that create carbon bonds are very important in organic chemistry. Among those reactions, the aldol reaction is one of the most frequently used synthetic reactions. When learning organic chemistry, the synthetic reaction that is learned by all people is the aldol reaction. However, the aldol reaction doesn’t end with a single reaction. After […]
One method of making new carbon chains is a synthetic reaction using enolates. One of the organic chemical syntheses with enolates is Claisen condensation. In Claisen condensation, molecules with esters react with enolates. As a result, new carbonyl compounds can be obtained. When Claisen condensation occurs within a molecule, it is called Dieckmann condensation (intramolecular […]
One synthetic reaction that creates new carbon chains is the use of enol or enolate. The α-carbon of the carbonyl group (the carbon next to the carbonyl carbon) plays an important role, and due to its high acidity, it has a tendency to be pulled out of the proton (H+) by a base. Therefore, the […]
Catalytic hydrogenation is a method that can reduce compounds by a simple experimental procedure. Catalytic hydrogenation is also known as catalytic reduction. Catalytic hydrogenation is a method of reacting with hydrogen (H2). Catalytic reduction causes hydrogen to be added to the compound and the shape of the molecule is changed. In catalytic reduction, the reagent […]
Changing the form of the functional group to the substituent you want is important in organic chemistry. When you perform a synthetic reaction, you have to synthesize a compound that has the functional group you want. One of those synthetic reactions is carbonyl reduction. Among the reduction reactions, the reduction of carbonyl compounds is an […]
The addition of carbon chains to molecules is important when synthesizing compounds in organic chemistry. One such synthetic reaction is the Wittig reaction. In the Wittig reaction, a carbonyl group (ketone) or a formyl group (aldehyde) can be converted to alkenes. This means that C=O can be converted to C=C. A frequently used synthetic reaction […]
In organic chemistry, synthetic reactions are often carried out by acids and bases. The reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base creates new bonds. So when a compound reacts chemically, which types of atoms bond with each other? In this regard, the HSAB theory (or HSAB principle) helps us to predict where compounds […]
